# Participation Guide

This is an evolving guide on how to participate in the Ocean Transport Group.
This document borrows heavily from similar efforts by colleagues such as
[Katy Huff](http://arfc.npre.illinois.edu/manual), [Baylor Fox Kemper](http://www.geo.brown.edu/research/Fox-Kemper/pubs/), and [Ryan Abernathey](https://ocean-transport.github.io/ocean-transport-old/guide.html).


## Core Principles
1. **Respect others**: abide by the code of conduct.
1. **Work hard**: we are all here because we are passionate about science and want to make a big impact on our field.  This requires working with a sense of urgency.
1. **Communicate with the group**: participate in group events, be present at the office, and be available via communication channels.  
1. **Take care of yourself**: your physical and mental health is paramount.

These principles are explained in more specific detail below.
## Respect Others: Code of Conduct

All Columbia university employees and students must understand and comply with the University's
policies and procedures regarding harassment and discrimination
([for employees](http://www.essential-policies.columbia.edu/policies-and-procedures-discrimination-and-harassment);
[for students](http://www.essential-policies.columbia.edu/gender-based-misconduct-policies-students)).
Dr. Balwada is a **mandatory reporter** and will report any incidents of
harassment or misconduct that violate these policies. In addition to these formal procedures, our group adopts additional informal
guidelines on conduct adapted from the [Left Logic code of conduct](http://confcodeofconduct.com/) which may go beyond
the University's policies.

Our group is dedicated to providing a harassment-free conference experience for everyone, regardless of gender,
gender identity and expression, age, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race, ethnicity,
religion (or lack thereof), or political views. We do not tolerate harassment in any form.
Sexual language and imagery is not appropriate in any professional context, including group meetings, individual meetings,
conferences, online communications, and work-related social events. Anyone violating these rules may be temporarily suspended
or permanently expelled from the group, at the discretion of the group leader Dhruv Balwada.

Respect for others goes beyond simply "don't harass."
Respect requires creating an environment where people of all backgrounds and personalities feel comfortable and welcome in scientific discussions.
This means being conscious of how we talk to each other and leaving space in conversations for everyone's voice.
Interrupting, talking over others, and agressively dominating a conversation are unacceptable behaviors.
For the men in the group, this generally means listening more, talking less, and hesitating before we interject with our opinion.

## Work Hard: Roles and Expectations

Working hard means applying consistent, focused effort to your research in a serious, professional way.
It means working with a sense of urgency appropriate to the intellectual challenges posed by the Earth system.
It **does not** mean putting in unreasonable, unsustainable hours, leading to unhappiness / burn-out.
Below we enumerate specific responsibilities and expectations for different roles within the group.


### PI Responsibilities

As the group leader, Dhruv has a unique and challenging range of responsibilities.

1. **Define the Overall Research Directions for the Group**: Identifying the important problems is one of the
   hardest and most crucial aspects of scientific research. It requires an awareness of the overall
   state of knowledge in the field, plus creativity and plenty of luck.
1. **Obtain Funding**: Scientific research is expensive! A single Ph.D. student or postdocs costs more
   than $140K per year. A central role of the PI is to obtain grant funding to support our work,
   without which no research could happen.
1. **Provide Scientific Mentoring**: It is the PI's responsibility to help the junior members in the group
   develop into mature, independent scientists, capable of defining and executing their own
   research programs.
1. **Set Goals and Timelines**: The PI can help give structure to your project by defining
   specific milestones and timelines for their completion. Some people prefer to be closely
   managed in this way, while others may prefer a more hands-off approach.
1. **Provide Feedback**: The PI is expected to provide feedback on all aspects of research,
   including defining hypotheses and formulating questions; identifying specific methods
   and technical approaches; identifying relevant datasets; writing and debugging scientific code; producing figures
   and visualizations; managing data; and writing and editing papers. Feedback is also available
   on course selection, overall career goals, and long-term strategy.
1. **Oversee the Publication Process**: Published paper are the main output of our team. The PI
   can help identify when results are ready to publish, select which journals to target, and
   help manage the ups and downs of the revision process.
1. **Define the Technical Approach**: Software and computing are very important to our group.
   The PI is working hard to provide a software and hardware environment that enables
   everyone else to be as productive as possible.
1. **Provide Moral Support**: Graduate school, and research in general, can be an emotional roller
   coaster. Ryan has been through these challenges personally and is always available to listen
   and provide advice.
1. **Provide Material Support**: You are never expected to spend any of your personal finances
   on anything related to research. All conference travel, computer supplies, books, etc. etc.
   can be paid for with grant or department support (see item 2 above). These expenses should be coordinated
   via the PI.
1. **Provide Recommendation Letters**: You need them for almost every career move.
1. **Sign Stuff**: There are lots of signatures needed to navigate the bureaucracy.
1. **Departmental Service**: The PI has lots of responsibilities to the department, including
   attending department meetings, participating in committees, and serving on student
   masters meetings / qualifying exams / thesis proposals / thesis defenses.
1. **Community Service**: The PI is expected to participate in professional organizations
   (e.g. AGU, AMS) and review papers and proposals on an ongoing basis.
2. **Teach Classes**: As a research professor, the PI may teach
   one course per semester. This can occupy a large fraction of available time and effort, but may also lead to intellectual growth. As of now, Dhruv teaches about once per year. 
3. **Do Personal Research**: On top of the above, believe it or not, the PI still has his
   own personal research projects which he occasionally attempts to find time to work on.

One point of enumerating these responsibilities is to emphasize that the PI has a great many
demands on his time, which must be managed carefully.


### Postdoc Responsibilities

Postdocs are relatively free of responsibilities and have the experience to function
independently. (That's why everyone else is jealous of postdocs.) On the other hand,
they have to face the uncertainty of the job market...

1. **Produce Research**: As a postdoc, you are a research machine. Your number-one job
   is to crank out new scientific discoveries!
1. **Write Papers**: You are expected to take the lead on writing the papers that
   describe your research.
1. **Attend Conferences**: This is a key part of getting the word out about your research.
   It's your responsibility to identify conferences of interest and submit your
   work to them.
1. **Produce Reusable Data / Software**: In our group, we believe strongly that
   research is more than just papers. You are expected to share the outputs of
   your research (data and software) in a way that makes them reusable by the
   rest of the group and the rest of the field.
1. **Share your Expertise**: By this stage of your career, you have accrued substantial
   expertise in several areas. Share your knowledge by letting us know about new
   papers, giving feedback on others' work at group meetings, etc.
1. **Mentor Others**: The more junior members of the group will benefit immensely from
   your mentorship, and you will gain valuable experience along the way. Take
   the initiative to develop these relationships.
1. **Plan for the Future**: A postdoc is a temporary position; yours well end before you
   know it. Think about your career goals and make a concrete plan for obtaining
   your next job; we will do everything we can to support you.
1. **Communicate with the Group** and attend group meetings. (See Communication section below.)


### Grad Student Responsibilities

Grad students have a complex range of responsibilities to manage. Learning to deal with
it all is part of the journey of graduate school.

1. **Stay in Good Standing**: it is YOUR responsibility to understand all of the formal
   requirements of the graduate school and the department, and to stay ahead of all
   deadlines regarding registration, paperwork, qualifying exams, committee meetings,
   etc. The [DEES Guide to the PhD Program](http://eesc.columbia.edu/programs/graduate)
   is an essential reference in this regard. If you are in a different department, they would likely have similar guides.
1. **Be Professional and Organized**: Develop a system that works for your for managing
   your responsibilities, coursework, and research. This is one of the biggest
   challenges of graduate school. Unfortunately there is no formula that works for
   everyone.
1. **Stay on Top of your Coursework**: The beginning of grad school is dominated by
   classes. You should strive to get as much as possible out of your coursework
   and connect it to your research wherever possible.
1. **Develop Independence**: Your goal is to become an independent scientist. This means
   you should not hesitate to pursue your own ideas as they arise. Go to as many talks
   as you can to learn new things! Read (and re-read, and then re-read ...) papers in your field and outside
   it. Download that dataset and analyze it! Run that new model! Don't wait to be told to
   do things. Take the initiative.
1. **Focus on your Research**: Your research is _the most important_ part of your grad
   school experience. It should be your main priority, and you should approach it with
   the seriousness and professionalism you would a full-time job (*remember that the US tax-payers are shelling out about $150K per year for you to have this opportunity*).
1. **Develop a Research Plan**: In consultation with your advisor, you should come up with a
   long-term plan for your research, with clearly defined milestones and goals.
   Each week, you should have a short term plan for exactly what to work on to move
   towards those goals.
1. **Produce Reusable Data / Software**: In our group, we believe strongly that
   research is more than just papers. You are expected to share the outputs of
   your research (data and software) in a way that makes them reusable by the
   rest of the group and the rest of the field.
1. **Ask Questions!** If something is unclear to you--either a science question or
   a procedural / administrative issue--it is _your responsability_ to speak up.
1. **Communicate with the Group** and attend group meetings. (See Communication section below.)


### Vacation and Expectations for "Being Present"

One of the great advantages of working in academia is the flexible schedule.
But this flexibility can also be a curse. There is a reason why business require
their employees to show up every day at nine: this is how work gets done.
Our situation is additionally complicated by the fact that we split time between
the Lamont Campus and the Morningside Campus. Here are some general guidelines to
help define what it means to be "at work":

- Aim for a 40 hour work-week _on average_. Academic work often occurs in bursts.
  Sometimes you are happy and excited to work an 80 hour week as you are on the
  cusp of a major breakthrough. You can balance these periods of intensity with
  slower-paced weeks at another time. (*When taking classes, being present and assignments count towards this time, when possible try to connect course work to your research and broad understanding of Earth sciences*.)
- **Generally plan to be at Lamont for most of the day on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.**
  These are when seminars and group meetings tend to be held. Being present in
  the office is important for building relationships with you colleagues and
  for the spontaneous generation of new ideas. This is also a good way to get short questions answered rapidly, so you can make [agile progress](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01184-9).
- Be available on communication channels all business days (Monday - Friday)
  during business hours (9am - 5pm).
- Feel free to work remotely occasionally as it suits your personal and professional
  life. For example, if your family lives abroad, you may wish to spend a few weeks working from their country. _This should be the exception, not the rule._
- Be clear about when you are really on vacation, as opposed to working remotely.
  (See section on self-care.)
- Students and postdocs should take **4 weeks of vacation per year**. The official
  university GSAS policy stipulates 10 days for grad students, but this is likely
  not enough.
- Travel dates for vacation and non-vacation remote work must be approved by
  Dr. Balwada. These requests should be made via email at least one month
  before any planned travel.


## Communication

### Channels

Our group uses several channels of communication. You are expected to participate
in all of them.

1. **Email** is an unavoidable part of the modern world. All important official
   correspondence will happen through email. Check it regularly.
2. **Slack** is our preferred mode of communication within the group. It's a
   way to discuss things more interactively and informally than email.
3. **Github** is where we store and discuss all things software-related. Everyone
   should have a github account.

### Group Meeting

Group meetings are currently held every week at Lamont.
This time may change from semester to semester to accommodate the changing
schedules of group memebers.
Everyone should attend group meeting as much as possible. If you have a conflict
which prevents you from attending, let Dr. Balwada know ahead of time.

## Self Care

Your physical and mental health are crucial to your well being as a person.
These should always take priority over your studies and work. Conversely, a
satisfying and respectful work environment is an important factor in your
mental health.
Science can be an emotional roller coaster. Exams, paper reviews,
fellowship applications, and job searches all involve being judged, which
often causes anxiety.
There is growing awareness in academia that graduate students
are at [high risk for depression and anxiety](https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/03/06/new-study-says-graduate-students-mental-health-crisis).
If you feel you are facing mental health challenges, don't be ashamed--you're not alone!

With this in mind, our group strives to do everything possible to support
students and ensure a healthy work-life balance.
The vacation and workload expectations defined above are a big part of this.
Don't overwork! Some other tips, based on experience, are the following:

- Maintain a healthy sleep schedule.
- Pursue interests and hobbies outside of your work. These help releive stress.
  They also benefit your research! Stepping away from your problem and letting
  your mind wander elsewhere is, counterintuitively, a great way to stimulate
  creative thought.
- Develop a support network among your peers. They understand the struggle!

If you feel like you need help, don't hesitate to contact
[Columbia Counseling and Psychological Services](https://health.columbia.edu/content/counseling-and-psychological-services)